Health disparities refer to differences in health outcomes or access to healthcare services between different groups due to factors like race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, gender, or geographic location. Addressing them requires tackling social determinants of health, promoting equity, improving access to care, and advocating for policies that prioritize underserved communities. Examples include racial/ethnic disparities, socioeconomic gaps, geographic disparities, and gender differences in health outcomes and access to care.